A palindrome is a number or a text phrase that reads the same backwards as forwards. For example, each of the following five-digit integers is a palindrome: 12321, 55555, 45554 and 11611. Write a C++ program that reads in a five-digit integer and determines whether it is a palindrome .

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 Step 1

Given circuit:

$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Given }: \\ {\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V } \\ {\mathrm{I }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \left(\mathrm{0 }- \mathrm{200 }\mathrm{mA }\right) \\ \mathrm{For }\mathrm{maintaining }\mathrm{load }\mathrm{voltage }, {\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V }, \mathrm{we }\mathrm{will }\mathrm{use }\mathrm{zener }\mathrm{diode }\mathrm{of }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{Z }}= \mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V } \\ \mathbf{\therefore }{\mathbf{V }}_{\mathbf{Z }}\mathbf{= }\mathbf{12 }\mathbf{}\mathbf{V} \end{gathered}$$

Step 2

$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{For }\mathrm{calculating }\mathrm{load }\mathrm{resistance }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}: \\ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \frac{{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{Z }}}{{\mathrm{I }}_{\mathrm{L }}} \\ \mathrm{Here }, \\ \mathrm{Zener }\mathrm{voltage }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{Z }}\mathrm{is }\mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V } \\ \mathrm{Load }\mathrm{current }{\mathrm{I }}_{\mathrm{L }}\mathrm{is }\mathrm{200 }\mathrm{mA } \\ \mathrm{Substitute }\mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V }\mathrm{for }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{Z }}\mathrm{and }\mathrm{200 }\mathrm{mA }\mathrm{for }{\mathrm{I }}_{\mathrm{L }}\mathrm{to }\mathrm{obtain }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}. \\ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \frac{{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{Z }}}{{\mathrm{I }}_{\mathrm{L }}} \\ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \frac{\mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{200 }\mathrm{mA }} \\ {\mathbf{R }}_{\mathbf{L }}\mathbf{= }\mathbf{60 }\mathbf{\Omega } \end{gathered}$$

Step 3

$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Now }, \mathrm{the }\mathrm{source }\mathrm{resistance }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}; \\ {\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{L }}= \frac{{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{i }}}{{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}+ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}} \\ \mathrm{Here }, \\ \mathrm{Input }\mathrm{voltage }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{i }}\mathrm{is }\mathrm{16 }\mathrm{V } \\ \mathrm{Load }\mathrm{voltage }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{L }}\mathrm{is }\mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V } \\ \mathrm{Substitute }\mathrm{16 }\mathrm{V }\mathrm{for }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{i }}, \mathrm{60 }\mathrm{\Omega }\mathrm{for }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{L }}\mathrm{and }\mathrm{12 }\mathrm{V }\mathrm{for }{\mathrm{V }}_{\mathrm{L }}\mathrm{to }\mathrm{obtain }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}. \\ \mathrm{12 }= \frac{\left(\mathrm{60 }\right)\left(\mathrm{16 }\right)}{\mathrm{60 }+ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}} \\ \mathrm{720 }+ \mathrm{12 }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}= \mathrm{960 } \\ \mathrm{12 }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}= \mathrm{240 } \\ {\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}= \mathrm{20 }\mathrm{\Omega } \\ \therefore \mathrm{The }\mathrm{value }\mathrm{of }\mathrm{the }\mathrm{source }\mathrm{resistance }{\mathrm{R }}_{\mathrm{S }}\mathrm{is }\mathbf{}\mathbf{20 }\mathbf{\Omega } \end{gathered}$$